In a recent article, we discussed LLMs and their crucial role in the generative AI applications we know today. Some of the most prominent Generative AI products (from Anthropic, Google, OpenAI, and more) have been built around text-based interactions. Image and video generation products have also become important in the overall generative AI landscape.

Let’s look at some of the most important AI products of our time.

ChatGPT

Since its launch, ChatGPT has been a viral sensation, catapulting all the records for consumer software products or web applications. It beat the likes of Instagram, Snapchat, and Spotify to become the fastest consumer app to reach 1 million, 10 million, and 100 million users.

ChatGPT is designed to be a general-purpose language model that can generate “human-like” responses and perform various language tasks such as writing emails, answering questions, writing blogs, summarizing given text inputs, etc.

Source: App Economy Insights

Around 9 in 10 (87.98%) ChatGPT users come to visit the app directly without any marketing or content efforts —this is equivalent to you typing chat.openai.com in your search bar.

ChatGPT is the only Generative AI product available with two different LLMs, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. These GPT or Generative Pre-trained Transformer models are built on the “Transformer Architecture” first developed by a team of AI Researchers and Scientists at Google.

How was ChatGPT built and enhanced?

ChatGPT was trained using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), and fine-tuning was supervised. Human AI trainers provided conversations, playing both sides of the user and AI assistant, and were given model-written suggestions to compose their responses. The resulting dataset was mixed with the InstructGPT dataset and transformed into a dialogue format. To create a reward model for reinforcement learning, comparison data of two or more model responses ranked by quality was collected from conversations between AI trainers and the chatbot. Using reward models, the model was fine-tuned using Proximal Policy Optimization through several iterations.

ChatGPT's latest training data is from September 2021, which significantly limits its potential and accuracy.

Source: ChatGPT training method, OpenAI

Bing

Microsoft’s Bing is one of the world's largest search engines, accounting only for 3% of global searches. Microsoft has had a very close technical and financial relationship with ChatGPT. After seeing the runaway success of ChatGPT, Microsoft soon integrated similar AI features into its search tool —becoming one of the very first search engines to do so. And hence, we got Bing AI Chat. Building on Bing’s new AI capabilities, Microsoft has gained significant market share, reaching 100M daily active users in March’23.

Bing AI Chat is built on the LLM as ChatGPT, and it has additional features that make it more experimental, accurate, and real-time oriented simultaneously. Unlike ChatGPT, Bing relies not solely on the training data but also on web crawling and scraping features. This enables Bing to generate responses based on current data. Bing AI is designed primarily for search and is optimized for better understanding natural language processing than ChatGPT.

Although Bing is less flexible and creative than ChatGPT, it has some unique features that come with directly integrating into the Bing web search. Users can use Bing to perform live tasks such as scheduling appointments and writing a blog article about the latest developments in cybersecurity.

Source: Board of Innovation

How does Bing AI Chat work?

Prometheus: Microsoft developed a proprietary technology, Prometheus, an AI model that combines Bing search's fresh and comprehensive search index, ranking, and answer results with the creative reasoning capabilities of OpenAI’s most advanced GPT models.

Source: Prometheus, Microsoft

Bing Orchestrator: Prometheus then combines the outputs generated by Bing and GPT to develop internal queries using a Bing Orchestrator component. This combined answer is then presented to the user as human-like text.

Grounding: Internal Queries and Bing Search are critical components of Prometheus’s architecture since they provide up-to-date information to the underlying language model, enabling it to answer recent questions and reducing inaccuracies—this method is called grounding.

Google Bard

Google has been a pioneer in developing consumer AI technologies at scale. Its biggest product, Google Search, has adopted AI principles since its early days. It has integrated small but useful AI features into its other products, such as Google Workspace. When OpenAI released ChatGPT to the public in its infancy, Google’s AI-pioneer status defaulted to being an AI laggard.

To reverse that image, Google hurried to launch its version of a text-based generative AI product, Bard, in February ’23, based on the PaLM2 language model.

Source: The Keyword, Google

Bard has been designed to be more than a generative AI chatbot; its goals and use cases align more with Bing AI Chat than ChatGPT. Bard can search the internet to answer user prompts and provide relevant “search recommendations” to complement the AI-generative direct response. With Bard, Google aims to build a semi-auto-pilot version of its Search tool.

Anthropic Claude

Claude is an AI assistant from Anthropic that combines sophisticated reasoning capabilities with versatility across technical and creative tasks. As part of the Claude 3 model family, specifically the 3.5 Sonnet version, it excels at complex problem-solving, programming, writing, and analysis while maintaining nuanced conversations.

Claude's ability to break down complex problems step-by-step, think critically about their own knowledge limitations, and engage authentically with users while remaining grounded in factual analysis. It can handle everything from debugging code and analyzing data to creative writing and in-depth research discussions.

While proficient with modern programming languages and frameworks, Claude also stands out in its approach to sensitive or technical topics - providing careful, balanced analysis while being transparent about its capabilities and limitations.

How does Anthropic Claude work?

Constitutional AI: Claude is one of the generative AI applications trained with Constitutional AI. Here’s a quick look at how it works.

Concluding

There are plenty more examples of outstanding generative AI applications. We wanted to explore some cases that have already reached the viability stage of business. While ChatGPT and Anthropic Claude primarily focus on text-based interactions, Bing and Google Bard aim to build a semi-auto-pilot web search.

As much as LLMs and Generative AI have outstanding capabilities, ChatGPT, Bard, and others are just the first look at what generative AI products can do. We’ll dive into more arguments and theories around generative AI in the future. Until then, feel free to read more about the topic from us.

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